Aerobic and Balance
Exercises
To Reduce Fracture Risk
Adding
Bone-Building Load To Aerobic Exercise:
In research, women who marched wearing weighted vests increased bone density. A well-constructed backpack, which you can also use for your free-weight routine, works well. Take a 20 minute walk wearing your backpack 2-3 times a week. Begin by adding a 2 1/2 lb plate. The following week, add 2 1/2 lbs more for a total of 5. Then a week or so later, move to 7 1/2 lbs, then to 10. Increase the weight you carry until it is too heavy to get the pack on safely or too heavy to enjoy your walk. Many women can carry 25-40 lbs in time, although you may need to use a towel or blanket to pad the weight for comfort. You’re adding progressive load to your bones, and that will help bones in the spine and hips.
Balance Tests and Exercises To Improve Stability And Lower Risk of Falling
Testing for Balance: from Strong Women, Strong Bones, Miriam Nelson
Stand near a counter or strong chair and/or have a spotter. Wear athletic shoes. First tests are easiest. If you can’t do one, don’t try the next. Instead master the one you can’t do by practicing it and other balance exercises listed below, and then move on to more difficult tests. You’ll notice the small muscles in your feet, ankles, and legs working to keep you balanced. You'll also notice that a little practice will make you proficient at these tests. Just as important as lowering risk of falling, balance exercises lower fear of falling.
1. Tandem stand. Lightly holding your support (counter or chair back), stand with one foot before the other, one heel touching one toe. Distribute weight evenly on feet. Steady yourself and let go of support. Goal to hold for 10 seconds without using hands.
2. One-legged stand. Hold a support. Shift weight to 1 foot. Bend other knee to bring foot up in back. When you’re balanced on 1 leg, let go of support, keeping your hand out so you can grab it if needed. Hold position for 10 seconds.
3. Tandem stand with eyes closed. You need a spotter for this. Stand next to counter with heel of front foot touching toes of back foot. When you’re steady, close eyes and let go of support and hold for 10 seconds.
4. Tandem stand with eyes closed and head turning. Have a spotter. Hold counter for support and repeat directions for tandem stand with eyes closed. Slowly turn head from side to side. Do this for 10 seconds.
5. One-legged stand with closed eyes. Have a spotter. Follow directions for one-legged stand. When you’re balanced on 1 leg, let go of support, keeping hands ready to catch yourself.
Exercises for Balance:
Practice a few minutes each day, becoming competent with 1 exercise before working on the next on the list
1. Toe walks. Walk on toes with erect body and chest up. Begin along a wall so you can catch yourself.
2. Grapevine walk. Stand so you have space to move to right. Take a step out to the side with R foot. Cross L foot over R and shift weight into L foot. Take a second step to the R with R foot and cross L foot behind R. Repeat until you run out of space. Increase difficulty by increasing speed, but not at the expense of maintaining your balance.
3. One leg stand with knee bend. Do one leg stand and slowly bend the weight-bearing leg. Work up to repeating the bend 10 times on each side.
5. One leg stand with arm swing. Lift one leg off floor and swing arms in gait pattern. Begin by lifting foot just a few inches and swinging arms slightly. Progress by lifting foot higher and increasing arm movement.
6.
One leg stand with eyes closed.
First get balanced on 1 leg, then close eyes, keeping arms poised to
support you
High impact exercise, only if you’re pre-menopausal, don’t have osteoporosis, and have healthy knees. This can stress all leg joints, especially knees, so proceed carefully. Jump 3-6 times a week, building slowly from 10 to 50 jumps. Pre-menopausal women had 2-5 % increases in bone density in 6 months from doing 2 minutes of vertical jumping daily.
Jumping rope—can use this as part of aerobic exercise. Impact is similar to running.
Jumping jacks with arms to horizontal with floor (p. 152). Medium high impact.
Vertical jumps (p. 154). Higher impact.
© 2004 Elaine Mansfield